Pollution levels are above the government limits in two areas of Calne, according to tests carried out by environmental health officers.
After an assessment published in June, officers identified areas of concern in New Road and from Curzon Street to Wood Street.
It means Wiltshire Council will have to decide whether to introduce an air quality management area, a boundary in which action to combat pollution levels will be taken.
Of two options for the zone, the first would begin at the junction of North Street with Alma Terrace, and head down North Street, Wood Street and Curzon Street along the A4 eastwards as far as the double roundabout at the junction with Silver Street.
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