China to roll out tough anti-smoking laws from today

China’s capital has long been a smokers’ paradise: there are few places one can find in Beijing, from taxi queues, tourist sites and restaurants to even lifts in office buildings and hospital waiting rooms, that are smoke-free.

One in four residents in Beijing, according to one recent survey, is a smoker: that’s a 5 million population of smokers in a single city.

Starting Monday, however, the Beijing is launching China’s biggest ever crackdown on smoking, unleashing a multi-pronged campaign that officials hope will rid the city of its polluted image.

Over the past year, Beijing already put in place an effective campaign to battle air pollution and smog, imposing restrictions on vehicles and closing down polluting power plants in the city’s vicinity.

The result has been the first winter in more than five years where the average index of PM 2.5 particulates has declined, although readings are still above what the World Health Organisation (WHO) mandates as safe.

On the back of a public driven campaign against air pollution, the city is now launching its most aggressive battle till date on smoking. One poster that has sprung up across the city warns that if residents were aggrieved by PM 2.5 daily average readings of 100, the equivalent pollution in a room of 5 smokers would be ‘1200’.

Starting Monday, the Beijing airport is closing down all 14 smoking rooms, opening up 17 new areas outside the airport terminal.

Smokers found in the vicinity of public places such as schools and hospitals will face a 200 Yuan (Rs 2,000) fine – a 20-fold increase in the earlier penalty that was seen as toothless.

The WHO on Sunday said it “applauded Beijing for its strong and determined leadership in protecting the health of its people by making public places smoke-free”.

There are, however, doubts about whether the campaign can, on this occasion, make a difference after previous attempts faltered on account of patchy implementation.

“The city’s law enforcement still needs to work out ways to implement the regulations to the letter and make smokers who defy the ban receive due punishment,” Xu Guihua, deputy director of the Chinese Association on Tobacco Control, told reporters.

One online survey published by the official Xinhua news agency on Sunday found that only 17 per cent of 22,392 surveyed believed the ban will be effective.

What is different this time around, officials told MAIL TODAY, is that in recent weeks they have succeeded in getting on board dozens of restaurants and public venues that were earlier reluctant to join in the campaign fearing a loss in business.

via China to roll out tough anti-smoking laws from today : Mail Today, News – India Today.

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Heavy dust pollution follows heat wave

After Wednesday’s sweltering heat subsided, the country enjoyed significantly cooler temperatures on Thursday but endured heavy dust for much of the day.

A hazy Thursday followed a daylong heat wave in which temperatures rose to 44° Celsius in some areas of the country, igniting fires that damaged several homes and infrastructural facilities. While temperatures fell dramatically on Thursday, reaching only high 20s° or low 30s° in most places, dust that accumulated prompted air pollution warnings around the country.

“The haze and the dust are rather common after a heat wave is broken,” said Dr. Amos Porat, head of the Israel Meteorological Service Climate Department. “The warm system from North Africa and the southerly winds carry dust from the desert to our area.”

In most of the country, dust concentrations peaked between morning and early afternoon.

Beginning on Thursday morning, the Environmental Protection Ministry warned that there would be very high air pollution levels, particularly in the Negev, the Judea region of the West Bank and Jerusalem. As a result of the pollution, the ministry warned that sensitive populations, including those suffering from heart or lung conditions, as well as the elderly, children and pregnant women, avoid strenuous physical activities.

In Jerusalem, concentrations of PM 10 – particles with a diameter of 10 microns or less – peaked at 7 a.m., at 462.4 micrograms per cubic meter, about eight times more than values on a typical day, according to Environmental Protection Ministry data. The ministry defines typical values for PM10 as about 60 micrograms per cubic meter.

Arad featured even higher peak levels, 646.9 micrograms per cubic meter at 10 a.m., about 11 times more than typical values.

PM 10 concentrations in Givatayim and Tel Aviv rose to their highest at noon on Thursday, to 398.7 and 267.9 micrograms per cubic meter, respectively, about seven and four times typical values. In Rehovot, dust levels peaked at 1 p.m., reaching 312.1 micrograms per cubic meter, five time typical values.

Beersheba’s PM 10 concentration actually peaked Wednesday at 9 p.m., rising to 366.8 micrograms per cubic meter, six times typical daily values. Ashdod and Modi’in also experienced pollution peaks at 9 p.m. on Wednesday, with 357.1 and 244.6 micrograms per cubic meter, respectively.

By mid-afternoon, the pollution levels began to subside and the ministry lifted the warning.

On Friday, the IMS forecasted an additional drop in temperatures to slightly lower than seasonal averages, with a chance of light rain, primarily in the North. The day after, temperatures will likely remain similar, with possible local rain in the North and the Center, the IMS said.

via Heavy dust pollution follows heat wave – Israel News – Jerusalem Post.

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Sheffield looks to Space to solve region’s air pollution crisis

Yorkshire-based telematics organisation The Floow have been appointed by the University of Sheffield in coordination with the European Space Agency to provide insight into air pollution in South Yorkshire.

Prompted by the Sheffield City Council’s Action Plan 2015 interpreted DEFRA evidence – which highlighted up to 500 deaths a year in Sheffield alone are caused by contaminated air – project ‘Crowd4sat’ is now underway, investigating traffic pollution in the region.

With air contamination costing Sheffield authorities £160m per annum, the European Space Agency (ESA), Sheffield based business The Floow and the University of Sheffield (UoS) have come together to provide actionable insight into the effect of car emissions on the air we breathe.

The project announcement comes just weeks after the Government was ordered by the UK’s Supreme Court to take immediate action on air pollution to keep to its obligation under European law on pollution limits.

The research project will run into the beginning of 2016, with data collated by The Floow to produce insight for the European Space Agency (ESA) to build a hub of data for future use in effecting change in the strategy to understand and tackle pollution.

Sam Chapman, Innovation Leader and Co-Founder of The Floow, is directing the pollution investigation. He said: “This is a fascinating test project that will provide actionable insight into the pollution that is generated in our region, as a result of vehicle use and driver behaviour.

“We know that the majority of harmful air pollution is as a result of transport, and so by capturing the data we will be in a position to establishing exactly where emissions are produced using key factors such as vehicle acceleration, stationary periods and stop times.

“Currently in Sheffield air pollution is measured through only a limited number of good air quality sensors, each costing the taxpayer tens of thousands of pounds and only providing a limited picture of pollution.

“Telematics is accurate and can analyse the specific variables needed to look at air pollution emissions. It is more cost effective and doesn’t need to be monitored in the way that the sensors do.”

Dr Stuart Wrigley, Research Fellow at The University of Sheffield, coordinator of the Crowd4Sat project, said: “The core focus of the Crowd4Sat project is improving the usefulness of existing satellite environmental monitoring and enhancing its positive impact on peoples’ everyday lives.

“The air pollution study led by The Floow is an excellent example of this. Satellite derived estimates of air pollution only tell part of the story of the quality of the air we breathe at ground-level. By combining ESA’s high-quality satellite information with The Floow’s dynamic, fine-grain traffic information a much more complete picture of local air pollution can be obtained. This, in turn, provides valuable insights for local traffic management to address air pollution.”

Sheffield is already trying to change drivers habits, with their current campaign ‘Air Aware Sheffield’ around the city for greener driving strategies including signs stating ‘drive low emission’, ‘be air aware’ and ‘drive petrol not diesel’ provide awareness and further encourage drivers to be greener.

Furthermore, a partnership between the four councils in South Yorkshire and South Yorkshire Passenger Transport Executive called Immotion! is working until 2016 to encourage businesses to sign up for the free scheme to learn simple tricks and tips to reduce the amount of emissions their car puts out.

Through the comprehensive data analytics delivered by The Floow using telematics technology the ESA will make recommendations to the government and authorities on traffic management.

via Sheffield looks to Space to solve region’s air pollution crisis > National News > News | Click Green.

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Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei to Cooperate in Tackling Air Pollution

Six cities including Beijing, Tianjin, Tangshan, Langfang, Baoding and Cangzhou are set to build a unified system to forecast heavy smog and provide emergency response measures, Beijing Times reports on Wednesday.

The six cities have formed a core area for regional effort to tackle air pollution.

According to the Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau, Beijing and Tianjin will partner with four Heibei cities, to provide both financial and technology support to help tackle air pollution. Specifically, Beijing will work with its two neighbors, Langfang and Baoding, while Tianjin will cooperate with its neighboring cities of Tangshan and Cangzhou.

The plan on unifying forecasting and emergency response measures will draw on experience gained from air pollution control cooperation made during the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) meetings held in Beijing in November last year.

Chai Fahe, the vice-president of Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, said the six core cities need to join forces to unify their standards on air pollution forecasting and related response measures.

By cutting production of steel, coal and cement, the main factors that cause air pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area, the general concentration of PM2.5 in the area was reduced by 14.6 percent in 2014.

via Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei to Cooperate in Tackling Air Pollution.

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Air pollution in cities: Bright facades and trees against heat and smog

Cities represent “heat islands” within their surroundings, which are characterized by many heat sources and small air flows. In southern Europe, bright buildings produce relief and provide for a cooler urban climate. Simulation calculations of KIT researchers for the city of Stuttgart as an example, however, reveal that such measures for enhancing cooling may adversely affect air quality on the ground. The solution of the researchers: Bright facades for cooling and planting of certain types of trees to reduce pollutant concentration.

Scientists of the Atmospheric Environmental Research Division of the Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, have developed a new simulation strategy that considers both temperature development in cities and transport of pollutants. With the heat wave of 2003 being used as an example, the urban climate of Stuttgart was simulated under various conditions. “Due to its location in a basin, the city of Stuttgart is very interesting for model calculations of urban climate,” Joachim Fallmann of IMK-IFU explains. He was involved in the model development.

Stuttgart

Fallmann simulated various scenarios, such as enhanced reflection of radiation as a result of a changed color of the buildings in Stuttgart. White-colored houses are traditionally applied to prevent urban heating in the Mediterranean area. Joachim Fallmann explains this effect that is called albedo: “The brighter the buildings and surfaces in a city are, the smaller is the heating rate, because short-wave radiation is reflected and the material is not heated up. This is referred to as a high albedo. Typical grey high-rise buildings, by contrast, have a small albedo and may be considered heat collectors. “The new model approach confirmed that brighter buildings are really suited for counteracting the heat island effect.As regards air quality, however, this strategy is associated with a surprising drawback: “When it cools down, vertical mixing of the air decreases. Fine dust and pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides, remain closer to the ground and are more concentrated than in a warmer city.” Hence, the cooling effect is associated with a serious drawback in particular for the population of cities with strong primary pollution sources, such as industry districts or very dense traffic. For other, so-called secondary pollutants, this effect is positive: “When it is cooler, less ozone is formed, which may be harmful for the respiratory tracts on the ground.” Hence, atmosphere chemistry and heat development in a city have to be analyzed together.Greening of cities is a strategy to compensate the effect of reduced air transport. Trees absorb CO2 and may even bind fine dust on the surface. But according to Joachim Fallmann, the details are of decisive importance again: “The right trees have to be used. Poplars, oak trees, and sycamore trees produce biogenous substances, such as pollen, which may act as precursors of ozone formation.” A tree with a positive effect on air quality is the maple tree.The model of IMK-IFU is an important tool to analyze these complex relationships in detail. In the end, every city has to be analyzed individually according to Joachim Fallmann: “Conditions in Stuttgart differ considerably from those in Munich, where the Alps often supply fresh air. It is our objective to refine the simulation model, such that it can be used to reliably test tailor-made solutions for the different cities.”

via Air pollution in cities: Bright facades and trees against heat and smog.

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High pollution can lead to ‘significantly lower’ IQs, study says

High air pollution in cities is “significantly” lowering children’s IQ, particularly among children from poorer backgrounds, according to research.

The double whammy of economic hardship and increased levels of smog from traffic has been shown to have a detrimental effect on children’s development by the time they are 7 years old, the study says.

The findings, produced by researchers at Columbia University, were published last month in the medical journal Neurotoxicology and Teratology.

The study followed 276 pairs of mothers and their children for seven years from pregnancy in New York city. It found that children from poorer backgrounds in areas of higher pollution scored lower in IQ tests by age 7 than those in more affluent areas with cleaner air.

However, researchers also found that within the group of mothers who reported that they were suffering from economic hardship, those children exposed to higher levels of pollutants scored “significantly lower” in IQ tests.

Frederica Perera, director of the Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, said the study highlighted the need for greater action to be taken on reducing pollution in cities.

“The findings support policy interventions to reduce air pollution exposure in urban areas as well as programs to screen women early in pregnancy to identify those in need of psychological or material support,” Dr Perera said.

A previous study by the same researchers showed exposure to pollutants in the womb could lead to developmental delays among children by the age of 3, and “reduced verbal and full-scale IQ” by age 5, as well as symptoms of depression and anxiety by the age of 7.

via High pollution can lead to ‘significantly lower’ IQs, study says | tesconnect.

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World Health Assembly closes, passing resolutions on air pollution and epilepsy

The World Health Assembly closed today, with Director-General Dr Margaret Chan noting that it had passed several “landmark resolutions and decisions”. Three new resolutions were passed today: one on air pollution, one on epilepsy and one laying out the next steps in finalizing a framework of engagement with non-State actors.

Air pollution

Delegates at the World Health Assembly adopted a resolution to address the health impacts of air pollution – the world’s largest single environmental health risk. Every year 4.3 million deaths occur from exposure to indoor air pollution and 3.7 million deaths are attributable to outdoor air pollution. This was the first time the Health Assembly had debated the topic.

The resolution highlights the key role national health authorities need to play in raising awareness about the potential to save lives and reduce health costs, if air pollution is addressed effectively. It also stresses the need for strong cooperation between different sectors and integration of health concerns into all national, regional and local air pollution-related policies. It urges Member States to develop air quality monitoring systems and health registries to improve surveillance for all illnesses related to air pollution; promote clean cooking, heating and lighting technologies and fuels; and strengthen international transfer of expertise, technologies and scientific data in the field of air pollution.

The resolution asks the WHO Secretariat to strengthen its technical capacities to support Member States in taking action on air pollution. This includes further building capacity to: implement the “WHO air quality guidelines” and “WHO indoor air quality guidelines; conduct cost-benefit assessment of mitigation measures; and advance research into air pollution’s health effects and effectiveness. At the Sixty-ninth World Health Assembly, WHO will propose a road map for an enhanced global response by the health sector that reduces the adverse health effects of air pollution.

Read the full resolution here: http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA68/A68_ACONF2Rev1-en.pdf

 

via WHO | World Health Assembly closes, passing resolutions on air pollution and epilepsy.

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‘Embrace green tech to clean up London’s toxic air’

Londoners were urged today to “embrace not fear” green technology, amid spiralling concerns over the death toll from toxic air on the capital’s streets.

Lord Deben, chairman of Britain’s Committee on Climate Change, made the plea to dramatically speed up action to tackle killer air pollution. Dozens of blackspots are in London, with filthy air smothering some of its busiest and most famous roads, including Oxford Street, and blighting both affluent and poorer neighbourhoods.

Today the Evening Standard launches a series of reports highlighting the problem and encouraging Londoners, businesses, the Mayor, town halls and the Government to swiftly adopt, develop and promote green technology, which experts say could significantly clean up our city.

With the World Health Assembly due to hold talks in Geneva today on combating air pollution, Boris Johnson has announced £8 million for pioneering schemes to improve  London’s environment, such as pollution-absorbing walls and car clubs for zero-emission electric vehicles.

It comes as the motor industry and European Commission face damaging claims over the level of pollution  allegedly being belched out by the latest generation of diesel cars — which were supposed to be so clean that they would not be a threat to public health.

Lord Deben — better known as John Gummer, environment secretary under John Major — called on Londoners to make the most of green technology.

He said: “Don’t be frightened, embrace it. There are a whole lot of things that we can do which mean that we can live exactly the same lifestyle at half the impact on the environment.

“If you are going to deal with London’s air pollution, then electric cars and the use of modern technology on traditional cars are the very first step.”

Householders could upgrade their heating system so it could be switched on by smartphone, to avoid having it on a timer and warming up an empty property, he added, and could also keep electricity bills down by buying the greenest washing machines, fridges and dishwashers. Commuters could ditch their cars — which can contain dirtier air than outside — and walk or cycle more, with the help of apps that find the least polluted route.

After planting a tree at Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park today for London Tree Week, Mr Johnson unveiled the  £8 million second round of his £20 million Air Quality Fund, which offers boroughs up to £400,000 for individual projects. Pioneering schemes in the first round included:

Pollution-capturing walls in Redbridge, Barking and Dagenham, and Kensington and Chelsea, to protect pupils in playgrounds and pedestrians in roads plagued by toxic air;

Upgrading 25 electric car club vehicles and installing new chargers;

Developing a freight consolidation centre for Camden, Islington and Enfield that has nearly halved deliveries from participating suppliers to council buildings — with the remaining journeys made by electric van.

The Mayor said: “Embracing this technology as part of our everyday lives is vital. It’s clear that these measures, and the more of us that can adopt them, are helping make London the greenest, most sustainable megacity on earth.”

London’s green economy had reached almost £30 billion a year, he added, with over 160,000 jobs in this sector.

City Hall has backed other innovative schemes including recycling household items into fuel, apps that advise on low congestion routes, and a “green Tardis” project to turn underused phone boxes into solar-powered mobile phone recharging stations.

Mr Johnson also announced £1 million of funding for boroughs to transform urban landscapes and improve air quality, under a Low Emission Neighbourhood scheme.

Projects which could get cash include road redesigns, measures to encourage more walking and cycling, further reduction of the impact of freight and servicing, and smarter charging systems for parking. But the Mayor and ministers are under pressure from the European Commission to take more decisive action to tackle pollution — with the threat of massive fines if they are seen to be dragging their feet, having already missed key deadlines.

Less than a month ago, the Supreme Court ordered ministers to draw up fresh plans to cut levels of nitrogen dioxide, which are in breach of EU limits at numerous locations in London.

Scientists say thousands of Londoners are dying prematurely each year due to pollution. Millions in other cities, including Paris and Beijing, also suffer from dirty air. Their plight and global warming are being thrust back into the spotlight this year ahead of a global climate change summit in Paris.

The Committee on Climate Change is an independent body set up under the Climate Change Act 2008, to advise ministers on how to cut greenhouse gas emissions and improve the environment. Lord Deben said: “We can do everything we do today using half the energy if we just used the energy efficient technology that is available.”

He said London had “some of the brightest and cleverest people who are changing technology faster than one can think”.@nicholascecil

Worst blackspots are in London

  • The number of diesel cars on Britain’s roads has grown from 1.6 million to more than 11 million over the past decade.
  • The air in Oxford Street has the world’s highest recorded concentrations of harmful nitrogen dioxide.
  • More than 4,000 deaths a year in London are linked to dangerous sooty airborne particulates. This is forecast to rose to more than 5,000 by 2020.
  • Air pollution is now ranked Britain’s second biggest public health threat after smoking.
  • All 50 of Britain’s worst blackspots for dirty air are in London.

via ‘Embrace green tech to clean up London’s toxic air’ – London – News – London Evening Standard.

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