Respro® Masks FAQ: Do the filters need replacing, if so, how often?

Do the filters need replacing, if so, how often?

Yes the filters do need replacing.

1. The effective working life of the City™ filter depends on a number of factors, such as; the breathing rate of the user; ambient levels of pollution; the length of time the filter is actively working; hygiene levels. Taking these factors into account we recommend that the filter should be replaced every month or every 69 hours, whichever is sooner.

2. Replacement of the Sportsta™ filter should be carried out every month or when the filter becomes noticeably discoloured.

For more FAQ,  go to Respro® Mask FAQ

Do you need to change the filter in your Respro® Face Mask? Watch this video to learn the correct procedure.

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Air quality in Kuala Lumpur plummets amid forest fires

Smoke from forest and peat-soil fires drove air quality to unhealthy levels in and around the Malaysian capital, Kuala Lumpur, yesterday, adding to the burden of water rationing after a month-long drought.

The government’s air-pollution index climbed to as high as 137 in Port Klang yesterday morning, with seven parts of Kuala Lumpur and the states of Selangor and Negri Sembilan recording levels above 100, which is classified as unhealthy. Cloud-seeding had begun to induce rainfall over dams and water-catchment areas, The Star reported, citing Malaysia’s Meteorological Department.

“We are trying to identify fire-prone areas, especially peat-soil land, and steps are being taken,” said G.Palanivel, Malaysia’s natural resources and environment minister.

Disputes over haze flare up regularly between Indonesia and its neighbours. The latest was in June, when smog in Singapore reached a record because of Indonesian forest fires. The pollution now blanketing Kuala Lumpur was not being caused by this, Malaysia’s Department of Environment said.

“The medium level of haze that the country is experiencing now is due to internal sources, resulting from land and forest fires in a few states,” the government said on its website. “The chances of peninsular Malaysia experiencing cross-border haze at this time are low because of the wind patterns.”

Officials in Indonesia’s Riau province declared a state of emergency last month due to forest fires causing local haze.

Parliament in neighbouring Singapore, which has suffered a drought since January, was due yesterday to discuss distributing face masks if conditions escalate. Air quality deteriorated to “moderate” from “good” in the city.

via Air quality in Kuala Lumpur plummets amid forest fires | South China Morning Post.

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EPA Sets Standards for Air Pollution from Cars and Trucks

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency finalized new standards on sulfur in gasoline used in cars and trucks. The standards will require lower sulfur content in liquid fuels used in the transportation sector, which will cut smog and air pollution. EPA says the standards will “significantly reduce motor vehicle emissions, including nitrogen oxides (NOX), volatile organic compounds (VOC), direct particulate matter (PM2.5), carbon monoxide (CO) and air toxics.” They will also allow existing and new vehicles to meet tighter air quality standards.

The “Tier 3” standards will take effect in 2017. They require sulfur levels in gasoline to drop from 30 parts per million (ppm) to 10 ppm. They follow on EPA’s Tier 2 standards that were finalized in 2000, which EPA credits for helping to reduce sulfur from gasoline by 90% at little cost to the refining industry.

EPA argues that Tier 3 standards will be similarly beneficial. It projects the program will “cost less than a penny per gallon of gasoline, and about $72 per vehicle.” By 2030, as a whole, the program will cost about $1.5 billion, but will create health benefits valued at between $6.7 and $19 billion. EPA estimates that by 2030, the Tier 3 standards will also avoid between 770 and 2,200 premature deaths.

The oil and gas industry dispute those claims and argue that the new standards are costly and unnecessary. The American Petroleum Institute issued a statement that said the standards will cost $10 billion in investments and $2.4 billion in annual compliance costs. They also argue that the environmental benefits will be negligible, and that EPA has issued a timeline that is too ambitious.

via EPA Sets Standards for Air Pollution from Cars and Trucks.

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TfL launches London air quality survey

The consultation, which is open from now until April 13 2014, seeks views from London residents on the extent of air pollution in the capital, what causes it and how the problem should be tackled.

The consultation has been launched to assist the roll out of the London Mayor’s Vision 2020 air quality proposals

The consultation has been launched to assist the roll out of the London Mayor’s Vision 2020 air quality proposals

Among the 12 questions in the survey, it also asks whether Transport for London (TFL) should be doing more to encourage newer and cleaner vehicles to combat exhaust emissions and what Londoners think the main barriers are to the uptake of such vehicles.

And, the online survey seeks Londoners’ views on what incentives – including tax breaks for purchasing low emission vehicles, cheaper parking, cheaper fuels and purchasing grants – could help to increase the use of cleaner vehicles.

The consultation has been launched today as TfL held a forum with key stakeholders to discuss its proposals for an ultra low emission zone (ULEZ) in the capital, originally proposed by the London Mayor Boris Johnson as part of his ‘Vision 2020’ air quality measures last year (see airqualitynews.com story).

TfL is expected to unveil its proposals for the ULEZ following the meeting, which will then go to consultation with key stakeholders shortly, before Londoners are consulted on the final proposals later this year.

The consultation can be viewed on the TfL website.

via TfL launches London air quality survey | AirQualityNews.

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Haze now at unhealthy level in a few more towns in Klang Valley

After a fairly moderate day, the haze has returned with the air pollutant index (API) this evening showing that more areas have recorded unhealthy levels.

The latest readings released by the Department of Environment’s website showed unhealthy readings in Port Klang, Putrajaya, Banting and Seremban.

Port Klang’s API reading was 118, Putrajaya 112, Banting 108 and Seremban 111.

An API reading of between 0 and 50 is considered good; 51 to 100, moderate; 101 to 200, unhealthy; 201 to 300, very unhealthy; and 301 and above, hazardous.

Before 2pm, Putrajaya’s reading for Sunday had been consistently in the moderate level.

However, the haze in Kuala Lumpur remained at moderate level with readings taken at two stations, Batu Muda and Cheras, showing moderate levels of 81 and 91 respectively.

The reading in Petaling Jaya has remained consistent at 82. Similar readings were also registered in most parts of Malaysia.

The API calculation is based on five major air pollutants, namely sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ground level ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter with a diametre below 10 micrometres (PM10).

Most of these pollutants come from sources such as industries, motor vehicles, open burning and power generation.

The concentrations of these five pollutants are measured in 52 automatic air quality stations throughout Malaysia, mainly located in industrial and urban areas.

Open burning in Riau last week forced the authorities in Dumai to close schools and urge residents to stay home yesterday, while port officials issued warnings to ships as visibility dropped to 50 metres as the pollutants standard index (PSI) in the area soared to a hazardous 776.

It was also reported that flights to and from Pekanbaru, the provincial capital about 180km away from Dumai, were delayed by several hours due to the haze.

The Straits Times of Singapore reported that the latest bout of haze has been attributed to the “dry weather and open burning” in Sumatra.

Riau disaster mitigation agency head Said Saqlul Amri expressed frustration as only four districts declared a state of emergency, meaning that emergency funds worth 10 billion rupiah (RM2.8 million) cannot be used by firemen.

At least seven districts have to declare a state of emergency before the funds can be touched.

Last year, Putrajaya declared a state of emergency in Muar and Ledang in Johor choked by smoke from forest fires in Indonesia as the API air pollution levels crossed 300.

The Muar pollution reading was Malaysia’s highest since the API hit 860 during a severe 1997-1998 haze crisis that gripped the region and thrust the issue onto the Southeast Asian agenda.

In August last year, following an outcry from parents and teachers unions, the Education Minisry declared that schools must close when the air pollutant index (API) reached 200 instead of the previous 300 limit.

A circular on the directive was sent to state education departments by the Education Ministry on August 7.

The National Union of the Teaching Profession (NUTP) had expressed unhappiness at the height of the haze in June when schools were told to close only when the API reached 300. – March 2, 2014.

via Haze now at unhealthy level in a few more towns in Klang Valley – The Malaysian Insider.

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Dusty wind storms bring air pollution, shut down Sde Dov Airport

An onslaught of dusty windstorms on Sunday led the Environmental Protection Ministry to issue severe air pollution warnings and prompted the Airports Authority to close down Sde Dov Airport.

As a result of a depression over the Eastern Mediterranean, heavy winds, sandstorms and dust are being transported over Israel from the North African region, the ministry said.

The increased winds and simultaneous presence of dust and sands lead to high concentrations of particles that can enter the respiratory tract, the ministry warned.

The ministry therefore recommended that all sensitive members of the population – such as children, pregnant women, the elderly and patients with heart or lung diseases – avoid partaking in strenuous physical activity.

The Airports Authority, meanwhile, reported that southwesterly winds would be increasing to up to 20 knots by Sunday afternoon, and visibility would decrease by between 800 and 1,500 meters, with potential for thunderstorms and flooding in the South.

As a result, the authority – as well as Arkia and Israir airlines – chose to cancel all flights to and from Tel Aviv’s Sde Dov Airport from midday Sunday on, requesting that passengers make their way to Ben-Gurion Airport instead.

As far as the ongoing dust storms are concerned, the ministry said that air pollution measurement data would be available in real time on its website, where staff members would continue updating the public in accordance with data they receive from air quality monitoring stations.

Despite predicting chances of light rain around the country throughout an unseasonably warm Sunday and Monday, Israel Meteorological Services (IMS) has deemed this winter one of the driest yet for portions of Israel – particularly in the country’s northeast – as the second of the three “rainy months” of the year concludes.

“When considering the amount of rain since the beginning of the season, there is a significant difference between the North of the country and the Center and the South,” said Dr. Amos Porat, head of the IMS climatology department, upon releasing a report on drought conditions Thursday night.

“In the North, the small quantity of rain is extreme and unprecedented, and is about one-third to one-half of the annual average for this period,” Porat said. “However, a picture of the situation southward is less terrible, although in the Center there is a severe deficit.”

Following two rainstorms in the early portion of December, including the large storm from December 10 through 14, the region did not receive any significant rain systems, according to the IMS report.

From mid-December through the end of February, the northern Coastal Plain received only between 50 to 80 mm. of rain, compared to the annual average for this period of approximately 300 to 350 mm., the report said. The Galilee received only between 50 and 100 mm.

of rain during this time, as opposed to its annual average of between 350 and 450 mm.

The central Coastal Plain received between 20 and 60 mm. of rain, compared to its average of 280 to 330 mm., the IMS said. Over the mountains of Judea and Samaria, only between 10 and 30 mm. of rain fell, constituting less than 10 percent of the typical amounts for the period. Most hard hit was Beit She’an, where less than 5 mm.

fell during the past two-and-a-half months, according to the data.

“The rain amounts set a negative record for the period of mid-December to late February in most parts of the country,” the IMS report said.

The conditions of the current season are not very unusual, however, for areas in the Negev and Arava deserts, which received between 15 and 25 mm.

during this period – quantities that are close to the average amounts, the IMS data said. Another area to receive typical amounts of rainfall is the country’s northwest, near Nahariya, where between 120 and 150 mm. have accumulated, mostly due to one day of precipitation in mid-February, the IMS said.

All in all, in terms of the number of days in which rain has fallen from the beginning of the rainy season through the end of February, most areas in Israel have experienced severe deficits – experiencing only between 40% and 60% of the typical number of such episodes, the IMS report added.

The Kinneret rose only 4 cm. in the entire month of February, the lowest rise for this month ever recorded, the Water Authority said on Sunday.

via Dusty wind storms bring air pollution, shut down Sde Dov Airport | JPost | Israel News.

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Air pollution in Sharjah as toxic as in Beijing, survey shows

Air pollution in Sharjah on some days reaches the same toxic levels as notoriously smog-ridden cities such as Beijing, Tokyo and Mexico City.

Scientists studying air quality in the emirate found pollutants including ethane, propane, acetylene, benzene, butane and toluene.

The concentration of benzene in particular, a known carcinogen, ranged from 0.34 parts per billion to 3.2 ppb. The average for Mexico city is 0.6ppb, for Beijing 2ppb and for Tokyo 4ppb.

Health authorities in the United States have set an exposure limit of 1 part per million in the workplace during an eight-hour working day.

The survey in Sharjah, conducted by scientists from the American University of Sharjah in collaboration with the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science at the University of Miami, Florida, is focusing on specific types of pollutants known as volatile organic compounds, which contribute to smog formation.

Smog is the common name for ground-level ozone, which is formed when chemical compounds released from combustion engines react with other substances in the atmosphere in the presence of sunlight. Carbon monoxide, methane, nitrogen oxide and non-methane volatile organic compounds all contribute to forming smog.

Ground-level ozone is a public health concern and breathing it can trigger a variety of chest complaints as well as worsen asthma and bronchitis. Some volatile organic compounds have also recently been associated with cancer risk, reproductive effects and birth defects.

Preliminary results on measurements taken since last summer indicate that on some days Sharjah’s air is relatively clean, said Dr Tariq Majeed, associate professor of physics at AUS and the leader of the project. On other days, however, levels of pollutants are on par with the world’s most polluted cities.

Dr Majeed first observed the trend when looking at concentration data for ground-level ozone or smog from the meteorological station at Abu Dhabi International Airport. The analysis of the compounds that contribute to the formation of smog also show a similar trend.

The samples are being collected on weekdays between 1pm and 3pm in three areas – close to a beach, in the city centre and on top of a building on the university campus. The analysis is carried out in Miami with the collaboration of Dr Daniel Riemer.

While more data is needed to explain the large variations in the amount of air pollutants, Dr Majeed thinks this is an indication that a significant portion of the pollutants are produced abroad and carried on the wind.

Some pollutants, he said, have a long life and can travel large distances by air. The team is comparing the variations in pollution levels measured in Sharjah against atmospheric models that show the real-time movement of air masses.

Iran, Qatar and Saudi Arabia are all possible sources of the pollutants, he said. “If you look around this area, you will see a lot of petrochemical industry.”

The project continues until the end of this summer. The findings will be presented in August at the Scientific Assembly of the Committee on Space Research in Moscow.

via Air pollution in Sharjah as toxic as in Beijing, survey shows Read more: http://www.thenational.ae/uae/environment/air-pollution-in-sharjah-as-toxic-as-in-beijing-survey-shows#ixzz2upso0LqR Follow us: @TheNationalUAE on Twitter | thenational.ae on Facebook | The National.

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Can Dhaka Get a Handle on Its Air Pollution?

A placard hangs outside the Rashid Autobricks factory in this fast-growing megacity. It reads, “No more pollution! We must survive and allow the next generation to survive.”

The sign was put up by humanitarian groups protesting the more than 500 dirty brick kilns clustered on the north side of Dhaka. The factories belch thick black smoke from towering chimneys caked with soot. The kilns are responsible for much of the pollution that makes the air in Bangladesh’s capital city among the dirtiest on the planet.

But Rashid is no longer one of the problem kilns relying on 19th-century technology to make clay bricks. In the past year, the kiln has undergone a $2 million makeover. It’s now one of the cleanest and most energy efficient kilns of the roughly 5,000 operating in Bangladesh.

Inside, under a red iron shade, an orderly procession of clay chips and unburned bricks roll slowly along conveyor belts. A dozen female workers gently put bricks in order before a machine takes the bricks to the dryer. The ovens are fired by coal, but the process is efficient enough to cut greenhouse-gas emissions almost in half and particulate pollution to one-fiftieth of what the other plants produce.

The cluster of 500 kilns north of Dhaka is responsible for 40 percent of the city’s particulate air pollution. (Zaki Ameen/Demotix)

The transformation was led by M. Kafil Uddin Ahmed, a businessman who presides over an empire of real estate, energy and textile holdings. Ahmed inherited the kiln from his grandfather. After living in the U.K. and returning home to Dhaka, he decided to upgrade the brick factory to burn cleaner and take advantage of automation. Ahmed corralled a $1.35 million credit line from the state-backed Rupali Bank to help.

“I’ll do business without harming others,” says Ahmed. “That’s why I’ve adopted environment-friendly technology.”

Construction frenzy

Dhaka needs a lot more kiln operators to do what Ahmed did if it’s going to clean up its air. The city of 15 million is caught in a vicious cycle of growth and pollution. The city adds more than 300,000 people a year; those people need homes; demand grows for brick, the predominant construction material; and the air gets more polluted. Each year, the kilns north of Dhaka produce more than 2 billion bricks.

According to a 2011 World Bank report, brick making accounts for about 40 percent of Dhaka’s fine-particle air pollution. The kilns cause 750 premature deaths a year from cancer and cardiopulmonary disease. That human toll is on a scale with the 2013 textile mill collapse outside of Dhaka that killed 1,129 and horrified the world. But the kiln problem attracts little international attention and continues unabated.

The biggest culprit is what are known as “fixed-chimney” kilns, which comprise the bulk of the north Dhaka kiln cluster. These inefficient kilns use outdated technology to burn coal imported from India and firewood chopped from nearby forests. They’re cheap to build and tend to be located on lowlands that flood during monsoons. So they only operate during the dry months from November to May.

In 2010, the national government ordered a shutdown of fixed-chimney kilns by July 2013. Facing opposition from kiln owners, the government has extended that deadline several times. The latest deadline, which no one expects to be enforced, is June 30 of this year.

Weak regulation

That’s typical of environmental regulation here. Burning firewood in kilns has been illegal since 1989, yet nearly 2 million tons of firewood are burned in kilns annually. Other laws concerning brick manufacturing are routinely flouted and rarely enforced, including a 2013 law that requires kilns to have licenses.

There have been a few bright spots. Clean-burning kiln technologies have been demonstrated through a World Bank-funded program known as the Clean Air and Sustainable Development project. Since 2012, the central bank of Bangladesh has lent about $10 million to finance modernization of brick manufacturing. And the state-owned Infrastructure Development Company plans to invest $50 million into automated brick manufacturing by 2016.

But there hasn’t been much in the way of incentives to encourage brick makers to invest, or regulatory pressure to force them. Mohammad Alamgir, who directs the monitoring and enforcement unit at the Department of Environment, admits that extending the deadlines has set a bad example for the industry. “This gives the owners a kind of impression that the timeline will be extended again, resulting in inaction on their part,” he says.

Brick makers complain that it’s impossible to turn an ancient industry around overnight. A big challenge in this river-delta region is the soaring cost of land on high ground. That’s where the cleanest-burning kiln technologies need to be located to avoid flooding. And kiln owners are typically unable to secure bank credit because low-lying lands can’t be used as collateral.

“Even if I’ve got money, where can I get the land?” says the owner of one kiln on low-lying land. Asadur Rahman Khan, a vice president of the Bangladesh Brick Manufacturing Owners Association, a trade group, is even more blunt. “Clean technology is good for the environment,” he says, “but not for us.”

continue reading Can Dhaka Get a Handle on Its Air Pollution? – AZM Anas – The Atlantic Cities.

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