MPs call for diesel cars scrappage scheme to tackle air pollution 

Environmental audit committee joins Boris Johnson in calling for payments to encourage people to ditch diesel cars, as part of measures to clean up UK air

The government should consider a scrappage scheme for diesel cars to get polluting vehicles off the streets of England’s cities, where they contribute to tens of thousands of premature deaths every year, according to an influential committee of MPs.

The call echoes a proposal from London Mayor Boris Johnson who has suggested up to £2,000 per car could be paid to get 150,000 diesels off the capital’s roads.

Ministers should also revise vehicle excise duty (’road tax’) to encourage drivers to buy cleaner cars, the Environment Audit Committee (EAC) said on Friday in its response to the government’s proposals for tackling air pollution. Air pollution has been illegally high in some British cities for years and in April the Supreme Court ordered the government to take action.

“Introducing a national diesel scrappage scheme could provide a short-cut to cleaning up the air in our cities,” said Huw Irranca-Davies, chair of the EAC. Ahead of George Osborne’s autumn statement next Wednesday, he said: “The Treasury must use VED to create long-term incentives for drivers to buy cleaner hybrid and electric cars that minimise both CO2 and harmful pollutants.”

Irranca-Davies said that changes to VED earlier in 2015, which removed exemptions for low-emissions cars, was a “missed opportunity” and said VED should be changed to focus not only on CO2 emissions, but also on NOx emissions, which the government estimates cause 23,500 premature deaths a year. Most diesel cars emit far more NOx on the road than in official tests, a problem that gained prominence after VW admitted cheating regulatory tests.

The EAC welcomed the government proposal to create a national framework of Clean Air Zones, something it had called for on repeated occasions. This would give councils the power to ban or limit diesel cars from cities, but the MPs warned that different rules in different cities would be confusing. “It will be important to avoid sending out conflicting signals to drivers across the country,” said Irranca-Davies.

Making local councils responsible to tackling air pollution made sense as they were best placed to understand local problems, he said. But he warned that council budgets were under extreme pressure.

“We are concerned that central government is trying to shift responsibility for meeting air quality targets to local authorities at a time when they are facing severe funding cuts.” he said. “The government has a duty to ensure that local authorities have the financial means at their disposal to adequately implement air quality action plans.”

In Brussels, MEPs have written to the European Commission demanding tolls on trucks to limit their CO2 emissions. Currently there are no CO2 standards for trucks in Europe, although cars and vans’ CO2 emissions are limited.

Source: MPs call for diesel cars scrappage scheme to tackle air pollution | Environment | The Guardian

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Experts warn of poor air quality in Valley

Though the availability of firewood for cooking in Kathmandu Valley may bring respite from the acute fuel crisis, it could contribute to deteriorating air quality in the Valley with onset of winter season this year, experts said.

The government has already distributed more than 200,000 kilograms of firewood from various depots set up inside the Valley since the decision was taken on Sunday, according to the Timber Corporation Nepal. This is equivalent to 340 tonnes of carbon dioxide, one of the greenhouse gases responsible for climate change and global warming as well as affecting the local environment. Besides carbon dioxide, other harmful pollutants, including methane, carbon monoxide and soot particles, are also released from burning wood.
Experts said though the decision was taken to address the severe shortage of cooking gas, the burning of firewood is likely to increase the emissions of air pollutants and contribute towards indoor air pollution. “Most people are using traditional fireplace to burn firewood in the open, releasing emissions containing harmful pollutants that pose severe health risks,” said Dhiraj Pokhrel of the Society for Legal and Environmental Analysis and Development Research (LEADERS Nepal), a non-governmental organisation working on indoor air pollution in the country.
Pokhrel’s organisation has been conducting air quality monitoring, especially of PM2.5 particles that pose greatest health risks, by setting up monitoring stations in Kathmandu, Bhaktapur and Kavre. “When we analysed the data collected from this three stations last week, we found that the concentration of dust and soot particles that pose severe health risk is three times higher in Bhaktapur than in Putalisadak area,” Pokhrel said, arguing that causes of the scenario may be due to the drop in number of vehicular movement along the main street in Putalisadak while increase in the use of firewood in Bhaktapur.
The decreasing number of vehicles on road due to fuel shortage could reduce the emissions, but other sources, including the operation of the brick kilns and the use of firewood, is likely to increase pollution level during the winter this year. The bowl-shaped topography of the Valley makes it vulnerable to pollution by restricting the movement and trapping pollutants, and the situation gets worse during the dry season.
Officials at the Department of Environment agree that the burning of firewood is not a sustainable solution to the ongoing crisis but state that the decision has not much considered its environmental aspect to address the humanitarian issue. “The crisis situation for more than two months now has led to hardships with people looking for any alternatives available to run their day-to-day life,” said Surendra Subedi, deputy director general at the department.

Source: The Kathmandu Post :: Experts warn of poor air quality in Valley

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WHO: 7 Million People Die Each Year Due to Air Pollution 

About 56 million people die worldwide. Of those, at least 7 million die from pollution-related diseases each year, the U.N.’s health body said.

The U.N.’s body for health, WHO, reported on Wednesday that if the world powers reach a global legally binding agreement to cut greenhouse gas emissions, they will not only save the planet, but millions of people living on it, as 7 million die each year of contamination-related diseases. The organization noted that 56 million people die each year. ​

“If the agreement is achieved, it will be one of the most important on public health of the century,” the WHO’s public health and environment director, Maria Neira, added.

Neira made her statements ahead of the 21st Conference of the Parties, or COP21 that will be held in Paris later this month, and that will be attended by climate negotiators from over 190 nations.

The agency has warned in several reports that at least 7 million people die every year from air pollution-related diseases, making it the world’s largest single environmental health risk. Illnesses like malaria and cholera are also exacerbated by weather phenomena caused by climate change effects.

Given this reality, WHO says negotiators in Paris can use health as an argument, the main goal of the COP21 meeting is to agree on ways of maintaining global warming below the 2-degree-Celsius threshold, as well as to implement viable solutions worldwide to combat the adverse effects of global climate change.

The agency said that implementing proven interventions to reduce emissions of short-lived climate pollutants, like black carbon and methanes, would be expected to save approximately 2.4 million lives a year and reduce global warming by about 0.5 degree Celsius by 2050.

The COP21 has been called by many as “the most important global conference of the century.” However, environmentalists and pressure groups have said its scope could be reduced due to the security measures that the French government has imposed after last week’s attacks in Paris, in which more than 120 people were killed and several hundreds injured.

Although the conference will be held as planned, several activities like public demonstrations and the mass participation of civil society in the talks have been cancelled.

Source: WHO: 7 Million People Die Each Year Due to Air Pollution | News | teleSUR English

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Scottish Parliament debates air pollution 

The Scottish Parliament will debate air pollution today, for the first time since the publication of the Scottish Government’s Air Quality Strategy.

The Scottish Government was required by the UK Supreme Court to produce the strategy after the UK failed to meet European legal air quality limits by a 2010 deadline.

The document, ‘Cleaner Air for Scotland – The Road to a Healthier Future’, commits the Scottish Government to improve monitoring and modelling of air pollution, adopt World Health Organization guidelines on particulate matter pollution in legislation and work to increase awareness of the problem.

Friends of the Earth Scotland (FoE) called for specifics on how the Government would meet European air quality limits by 2020.

Friends of the Earth Scotland air pollution campaigner Emilia Hanna said: “Today in Parliament, the Scottish Government need to confirm commitments that government officials made to introduce low emission zones in Scottish cities by 2018 at the latest. Low emission zones exist in around 200 cities in Europe and have been proven to reduce air pollution. The Government must also clarify that it will provide the funding for local councils to implement such zones.

“There are still 32 pollution zones in Scotland where air pollution levels are breaking safety standards that should have been met years ago, and at least 2,000 people in Scotland are dying early every year from toxic air, so it is crucial that in today’s debate the Scottish Government is questioned hard on when all Scottish air quality standards will be met.”

FoE Scotland previously warned the new strategy is still in breach of the European Ambient Air Quality Directive.

The Scottish Government’s ‘Cleaner Air for Scotland’ report estimates that, across the UK, the impact of poor air quality on health costs around £15bn per year. It found the total annual cost of air pollution to the UK’s economy may be as much as £54bn.

In Scotland in 2010 fine particulate matter was associated with around 2,000 premature deaths and around 22,500 lost life-years across the population.

Levels of air pollution are breaking health standards in 32 official pollution zones across Scotland, including in parts of Glasgow, Edinburgh, Dundee, and Aberdeen.

Source: Scottish Parliament debates air pollution | Holyrood Magazine

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Taj Mahal: Indian authorities ordered to protect historic landmark from air pollution threats 

25-INDIA-AFP-GettyWhen the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, the “king of the world”, built a mausoleum for his wife from white marble on the banks of the Yamuna river, the domes and minarets of the Taj Mahal were what resulted.

Once gleaming white, now yellowing, the dome’s marble has been under threat from pollution from the black smoke that billowed from a wood-burning crematorium nearby. Now India’s Supreme Court has ordered a state government to remove the offending crematorium or make it environmentally friendly to protect the iconic monument in the city of Agra.

Built in the 17th century, the Taj Mahal was crafted by hand for Mumtaz Mahal, the “Chosen One of the Palace”, who died giving birth to the couple’s 14th child. Today, it attracts up to four million tourists each year. Uttar Pradesh has closed several nearby factories and made a conscious effort to supply uninterrupted power to the area to discourage residents from using fume-inducing, diesel-operated generators. On Monday the Supreme Court in Delhi heard that the local government could either move the crematorium away from the Taj Mahal or install an electric one in its place.

The Supreme Court judges made their order after receiving a letter from another Supreme Court judge, who said that he had noticed the mausoleum spewing smoke and ash during a recent visit to the monument and was concerned about the effect of air pollution on the marble structure.

In their order, two judges suggested that the state could move the wood-burning crematorium and also build an electric one at the current site. This would allow people wanting to use wood pyres to do so, while others could use the electric crematorium, they said.

Hindus traditionally cremate their dead using wood fires, but the government has tried to encourage the use of electricity-powered crematoriums in recent years due to concerns over damage caused by pollution. This year the state government also banned the burning of cow-dung fuel cakes, which are commonly used in rural areas as a cheap source of fuel for heating and cooking but contribute to dense black smog over the city of Agra.

In court on Monday, the Uttar Pradesh state government was accused of failing to pay enough attention to the finesse of the building during recent construction works in and around the white marble mausoleum. Work has been planned to build a stronger, 500-metre road around the Taj Mahal site but the state government has been reproached for the ugliness of the construction so far.

“Your engineers should be ashamed of themselves. Nobody is giving attention to the details of the construction,” Supreme Court justices told the Uttar Pradesh government on Monday. “People from all over the world come to see the monument and any construction done near Taj should be as good as Taj. You messed it up.”

Source: Taj Mahal: Indian authorities ordered to protect historic landmark from air pollution threats | Green Living | Environment | The Independent

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Air pollution kills 3000 Australians a year, say experts 

EXPERTS say air pollution is killing 3000 Australians a year and it is costing the economy up to $24.3 billion annually.

Health, community and environment groups have called on the State and Federal governments to tighten regulations following a meeting of experts in Melbourne on the weekend.

In four weeks, Australia’s nine environment ministers will meet to agree on new national standards for particle pollution.

Environmental Justice Australia’s spokesman Phil Hill said Australia needed to act to end the “avoidable” deaths.

“Air pollution in Australia’s major cities, coal-mining regions, coal transport corridors and communities near coal-fired power stations and motorways is causing avoidable deaths,” Mr Hill said.

“Australians require a much stronger regulatory approach.”

Source: Air pollution kills 3000 Australians a year, say experts | Mackay Daily Mercury

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Smoke pollution will worsen tonight and taper off in the morning, forecasters say 

Air quality is expected to diminish tonight as a temperature inversion intensifies, but improve by mid­day Tuesday when scattered clouds roll in, according to the Fairbanks North Star Borough air quality office and the National Weather Service.

A Stage 2 air quality alert is in effect in North Pole since about 11 a.m., according to Ron Lovell, manager of air quality for the borough.

That means only wood and coal stoves that are certified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency are allowed to operate. Owners of outdated stoves should use an alternate heat source or seek an exemption from the rules, Lovell said.

“We are fairly confident we are going to have a fairly strong inversion tonight,” he said.

Lovell said he doesn’t expect air pollution levels to cause the borough to call a Stage 3 alert, which is a ban on all solid fuel heating devices or stoves that burn wood, coal and pellets.

The weather occurrence causing the expected pollution spike is known as a temperature inversion, which is when a mass of warm air sits atop a mass of colder air, trapping pollutants.

The pollution is expected to begin dispersing by morning, according to the National Weather Service.

“When the clouds come in, that pretty much raises the temperature at the surface and the inversion breaks,” weather service lead forecaster Bob Fischer said.

A Stage 1 alert is in place in Fairbanks. Residents are asked to voluntarily refrain from using solid fuel burning devices.

Source: Smoke pollution will worsen tonight and taper off in the morning, forecasters say | News | newsminer.com

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Southern Taiwan to see poor air quality through Monday 

The air quality in southern Taiwan is expected to stay poor into Nov. 17, the Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) said Saturday.

The EPA said air quality in the area will fall within the unhealthy range, while southern Taiwan’s Kaohsiung and Pingtung could be the hardest-hit, seeing the PM 2.5 level reach the hazardous level of 8 in the coming days.

The country’s 10-tier PM 2.5 index is defined as air pollution that contains fine particles smaller than 2.5 millimeters in diameter and is linked to several chronic health problems.

In central Taiwan and other parts of southern Taiwan, the PM 2.5 pollution levels could hit 6 and 7, respectively, according to the EPA.

Those areas had been experiencing poor air quality since the previous day, when the PM 2.5 index was reported at high levels due to poor conditions for atmospheric dispersion — meaning little wind — the EPA said.

According to the EPA, level-7 PM 2.5 concentrations exceed 54 micrograms per cubic meter and are considered high, and measurements above level 7 are deemed severe enough to cause tangible discomfort and health problems.

Given the air quality, the elderly and those with chronic lung problems or heart disease should avoid prolonged or strenuous outdoor physical activity, the EPA advised.

People with asthma may also need to use their inhalers more often, the EPA said.

Source: Southern Taiwan to see poor air quality through Monday | Society | FOCUS TAIWAN – CNA ENGLISH NEWS

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