Dust pollution shuts down major cities in Iran

Eleven cities in Iran’s southwest Khouzestan province have shut down offices and schools over excessive dust particles in the air. Iranians tweeted pictures of buildings and streets covered with dust with the hashtag #Khouzestancantbreath while officials and politicians used the opportunity to take a shot at the administration for its lack of a comprehensive plan to address the crisis.

The Khouzestan Province Crisis Center asked the offices in the capital Ahvaz and major cities such as Abadan and Khoramshahr to close and for pregnant women and those suffering from respiratory problems to stay in doors.

Environmental officials for Khouzestan said that in some cities, the dust content per cubic meter was 66 times permissible levels.

Officials have given various reasons for the dust storms that have plagued parts of Khouzestan in the past week, such as the decrease in rain in the province, the drying of the wetlands and the failure in neighboring countries such as Iraq and Saudi Arabia to cover soil with mulch.

Iran’s Vice President for Environmental Affairs Massoumeh Ebtekar met with parliamentarians from Khouzestan Feb. 5. She said that compared to last year, Khouzestan only experienced nine “emergency days,” whereas the year before, the province experienced 33. She said that she was not opposed to the criticism of parliament members, but that she wanted critics to take into consideration the improvement in conditions. She added that long term plans are needed, and that this process has already started.

She also wrote on her Facebook page yesterday that she had met with six different agencies and they have devised short and medium term plans to address the dust crisis in Khouzestan. She added that the plans will be confirmed and communicated by Chief of Staff Mohamamd Bagher Nobakht.

Many officials were not satisfied with her comments, however, and have continued to voice their criticism.

Nasser Sudani, a parliament member from Ahvaz, complained Feb. 8 that instead of breathing air, the people in Khouzestan “are breathing dust.” He blamed officials in the administration for not presenting a solution to the crisis, saying, “The health of millions in Khouzestan is in danger but we see no reaction … from the administration.” He warned that if a solution is not presented, those living in Khouzestan will face difficulties.

Tehran Mayor Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, a conservative who ran in the last presidential elections, said, “Today our main problem is the environment, and we cannot say that the environment is endangering people’s lives — we must say that the environment is taking people’s lives.” Addressing Ebtekar, Ghalibaf said, “You might say there is a problem with the budget or the law, but in my opinion these are preliminary problems and we have not even been able to use the budget in the legal capacities that we have.” Tehran is no stranger to shut-downs over pollution, usually due to smog. On June 2, 2014, a major sand storm hit Tehran, temporarily closing down the city.

Parliament member Ismael Jalili from Masjed Soleyman also voiced his displeasure, saying that for years, there have been warnings about this crisis. Jalili blamed the Energy Ministy for its poor management of the wetlands, rivers and springs in the province.

via Dust pollution shuts down major cities in Iran – Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East.

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Epic Sandstorm Suffocates Middle East

For the third day in a row, the Middle East awoke Wednesday to the wind whipping and sand flying. And it’s only getting worse.

A massive dust belt is moving from the Sahara Desert all the way up to Turkey, according to NASA. The space agency said a cyclone that crossed Africa’s Atlas Mountains is to blame for the dust everywhere else.

It’s typical to see high concentrations of dust in the atmosphere near the point where the storm originated, according to NASA scientist Colin Seftor. But it’s “quite unusual” to see dust so far from the source.

And that’s exactly what we’re seeing.

The timing also is unusual. As meteorologist Peter Knippertz said, according to NASA, “Such intense dust storms over the Mediterranean are most common in spring, so this is clearly early for the season.”

Here in Israel, the Environmental Protection Ministry reported the highest levels of air pollution in the last five years. High winds were expected to last all day — but finally, rain was expected to bring relief later tonight.

For now, flights have been grounded at Eilat. Israeli airports spokeswoman Liza Dvir told The Associated Press flights to and from the Red Sea resort city were temporarily were grounded because of the weather, though Ben Gurion Airport was still operating.

Both Tel Aviv and Jerusalem were enjoying a solid haze Wednesday afternoon.

Earlier this week, dust suffocated southwest Iran, shutting down schools, government offices and sparking a few protests. Mehr News Agency snapped pictures of people wearing masks and choking on the dust, and Iranians flocked to social media to share their photos using the hashtag #KhouzestanCantBreath and demand the government step up its response.

via Epic Sandstorm Suffocates Middle East – ABC News.

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Dust storm causes worst air pollution in Israel in five years

Avoid strenuous outdoor activities, environment ministry advises

The fierce dust storm that has swept Israel over the past 24 hours has resulted in air pollution levels that are the highest recorded in the past five years, the Environmental Protection Ministry reported on Wednesday morning.

The pollution consists of tiny dust particles that in penetrating the respiratory system can irritate the lungs and blood vessels and cause particular problems for susceptible population groups such as the elderly, the chronically ill, pregnant women and infants. The ministry recommends that these groups avoid outdoor physical activity as much as possible.

Air pollution levels are expected to remain high in most of the country through the afternoon and evening on Wednesday and dropping only with the arrival of rain later in the day. The showers are expected to begin in the north and spread to the center. Snow is predicted for the highest elevations in the Golan Heights and the Galilee. Some snow may fall in the mountains in the center of the country, but will most likely not accumulate there, according to The Meteo-Tech forecasting firm. Winds of 60 to 100 kilometers per hour are expected. The Mt. Hermon ski resort was closed Wednesday morning due to the weather.

via Dust storm causes worst air pollution in Israel in five years – National – Israel News | Haaretz.

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Respro® Mask Animantion

The Respro® Skins™ Cube Mask, animated by Delaney Digital

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YCDC to measure air pollution at 15 sites

In an attempt to combat worsening air quality, Yangon City Development Committee is installing 15 air quality control machines throughout the city, assistant chief engineer of the pollution and cleansing department U Aung Myint Maw said.

The machines, which will measure levels of dust, carbon dioxide and a dozen other known pollutants, will be positioned in locations assessed to be the most polluted in the city, he said.

“Three permanent machines will be located at Maha Bandoola Garden, near the Hledan overpass and in Mingalardon township. Other locations will use mobile machines,” he said, adding that they had been bought under the committee’s annual budget.

“On the basis of the results, we will draw up a plan for reducing air pollution.”

A 2012 study conducted by the Ministry of Health and the World Health Organisation found many places in Yangon where the air contained more than 100 parts per million (ppm) of dust, especially in the cold and dry seasons, exceeding WHO standards, said U Aung Myint Maw.

Coarse particulate matter – particles with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 micrometres (PM10) – was measured at 80 micrograms per cubic meter, above the WHO’s guideline level of 50 micrograms averaged over a 24-hour period.

But sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide concentrations were much lower than the WHO levels of 100 and 150 micrograms per cubic meter respectively, according to the Ministry of Health.

The 2012 readings were undertaken in January at Hlaing Tharyar Industrial Zone, the department’s office in Ahlone township and a residential area in Bahan township. While the department began measuring air pollution at three locations in 2009, it could not give earlier data for comparison.

But rates are likely to have risen since 2012 due to increases in population, car use and industrial output.

Yangon’s population of about 5.2 million represents more than 10 percent of the country’s total population of 51.2 million people. It is home to one third of all urban-dwellers and about 80pc of its cars. The city is ringed with 24 industrial zones, and population density is growing.

According to a World Bank survey, between 2000 and 2010, Yangon’s area grew from 370 to 390 square kilometres. Its population grew at a more robust 2.6pc a year, the World Bank said.

More details of the air quality improvement plan will be announced once the findings of the machines have been analysed.

via YCDC to measure air pollution at 15 sites.

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Boris Johnson advised his London air pollution plans are too little, too late

Mayor’s proposed ultra low emission zone to reduce vehicle pollution should happen sooner than 2020 and cover a wider area, says London Assembly

Boris Johnson’s plan for an “ultra low emission zone” (ULEZ) to reduce London’s air pollution from dirty vehicles should not be delayed for five years and must be widened to cover a much larger area of the capital, the London assembly has told the mayor.

The zone, which Transport for London (TfL) hopes will enable the city to avoid heavy fines from Europe and cut the number of premature deaths from air pollution each year, will not ban traffic but will charge the owners of polluting vehicles up to £100 a day if they drive into most of central London.

With air pollution in London now estimated to be causing the early deaths of over four thousand people a year, the environment committee of the London assembly in its official response to a consultation on the zone argued that waiting until 2020 to introduce the ULEZ would be inexcusable.

Liberal Democrat and Green party assembly members said it should be brought in by 2018 or earlier. But Conservative party assembly members dissociated themselves from the response.

“We are particularly concerned about the report’s recommendations to bring forward the ULEZ to 2018, to increase the daily charge for vehicles and to further tighten the standards. We do not feel that there would be sufficient benefit in going beyond the current proposals, to justify the additional restrictions and costs to vehicle owners, or the impact on London’s economy that these measures are likely to bring,” said the Conservatives.

In a move guaranteed to personally embarrass the mayor, the environment committee also urged TfL not to exempt London’s flagship new routemaster buses from the zone, which Johnson pledged to introduce when he was first elected in 2008 and which first came into service in 2012.

These diesel hybrid buses are expected to be much more polluting than all other London buses by 2020, and should be retrofitted to meet new standards or be banned from the city centre, said the assembly members.

“Levels of NO2 [nitrogen dioxide] are seriously in breach of UK and EU law and are responsible for thousands of early deaths each year in London, as well as other serious health problems. Organisations including London boroughs, the London Health Commission, and the Faculty of Public Health of the Royal Colleges of Physicians have all called for the ULEZ to be strengthened with earlier implementation, wider coverage, stricter standards and stronger incentives,” said the committee.

“Financial costs to a fraction of drivers must be weighed against the health benefits to those same drivers, plus a much larger population of others, who are exposed to air pollution in central London and beyond,” said the assembly members.

via Boris Johnson advised his London air pollution plans are too little, too late | Environment | The Guardian.

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Respro® Masks FAQ: What particle size does the Techno™ mask filter out?

Techno maskWHAT PARTICLE SIZE DOES THE TECHNO™ MASK FILTER OUT?

The Techno™ filter has sub-micron filtration capability. What this means is that it is able to trap particles less than one micron in size which is more than capable of the removal of 2.5 micron particulate material (PM).
Typically particulate pollution in the cities appears to be in the 2.5 micron size range and above. Particles smaller than this are known as respirable dusts, which can lodge deep within the lungs and air sacs. This is the more dangerous type of particle pollution as chemicals from vehicle exhaust gases combustion known to be toxic, are carried by means of the respirable particles. Hence the need for a Hepa-type submicron particle filter.

The DACC Activated charcoal layer within the Techno™ filter has excellent adsorption properties when it comes to SO2 and NO2 uptakes. With this capability and its capability of filtering VOC’s it is the best filter available in our range for dealing with the broad spectrum of pollutants commonly found in major cities across the globe.

For more FAQ,  go to Respro® Mask FAQ

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Which city has the world’s worst traffic jams?

STOP START INDEX

Indonesia’s capital Jakarta has the world’s worst traffic jams according to a new survey by Castrol, its 2014 Magnatec Stop-Start Index. Have sympathy for the city’s drivers, who were recorded as suffering 33,240 stop-starts per year, meaning they spent 27.22% of their total travel time going nowehere.

The index uses data shared anonymously by millions of TomTom navigation users around the world and cover s 78 countries. The next bad city was Istanbul, with drivers spending nearly 29% of their travel time stationary.

Surprisingly omitted perhaps is the notorious Manila, in the Philippines, but then it was not included in the index at all. A separate study by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) records that the country loses P2.4 billion in potential income due to traffic jams in Metro Manila.

Here are the worst ten cities with most number of stop-starts per car a year based onthe data:

1. Jakarta, Indonesia (33,240 stops-starts per car per year)
2. Istanbul, Turkey (32, 520)
3. Mexico City, Mexico (30,840)
4. Surabaya, Indonesia (29,880)
5. St. Petersburg, Russia (29,040)
6. Moscow, Russia (28,680)
7. Rome, Italy (28,680)
8. Bangkok, Thailand (27,480)
9. Guadalajara, Mexico (24,840)
10. Buenos Aires, Argentina (23,760)

At the other end of the scale, Europe contains 8 of the 10 cities with the lowest number of stops-starts, the winner being Tampere, Finland:

1. Tampere, Finland (6,240 stops-stars per car per year)
2. Rotterdam, The Netherlands (6,360)
3-4. Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (6,840)
3-4. Bratislava, Slovakia (6,840)
5. Brisbane, Australia (6,960)
6. Antwerp, Belgium (7,080)
7. Porto, Portugal (7,200)
8. Brno, Czech Republic (7,320)
9. Copenhagen, Denmark (7,440)
10. Kosice, Slovakia (7,440)

The data shows that the average driver makes around 360 stop-starts per week. This means more accelerations and decelerations, but also extended periods of idling, which not only causes pollution and wastes fuel, it reduces engine life and has an economic effect on the life of the city in terms of wasted work hours.

airpollution-index

Worst air pollution in cities according to the World Health Organization. More data here.

The problem affects the poor the most. In Manila, the JICA study shows that the average low income group households have to spend no less than 20% of their monthly household income on transport, and that without intervention, traffic demand will likely increase by 13% by 2030, and transport cost will be 2.5 times higher.

How to solve the problem

The JICA study provides some insights as to how municipal authorities might begin to tackle congestion problems. These are:

  1. at the regional level, spreading economic activities to other potential growth areas including balancing development of agriculture, manufacturing, and services, while protecting prime agricultural areas for food security;
  2. avoiding urban sprawl in hazard risk areas;
  3. promoting growth of local centers (to minimize the need for travel);
  4. establishing better connectivity and an appropriate hierarchy of different transportation modes such as roads, railways, and other mass transits;
  5. planned and guided urban expansion to adjoining provinces through an integrated public transport, affordable housing for low income groups (to minimize the need for travel);
  6. retrofitting of existing urban areas in integration with public transport;
  7. expanding multi-modal public transport network;
  8. and strengthening traffic management systems with ITS.

“Intelligent Transport Systems” or ITS, includes better traffic engineering and management that requires geometric improvements, pedestrian facilities, traffic surveillance, accident prevention, traffic safety education, and traffic enforcement.

An example of ITS, as discussed in the study, requires a signal control system, travel time prediction, road maintenance, intelligent parking, incident detection, and bus scheduling assistance among others.

Worldwide, over $100 trillion in public and private spending could be saved between now and 2050 if the world were to expand public transportation, walking and bicycling in cities, according to a report by the Institute for Transportation and Development Policy and the University of California, Davis. Additionally, reductions in carbon dioxide emissions reaching 1,700 megatons per year in 2050 could be achieved.

The report was co-authored by Michael Replogle, ITDP’s managing director for policy, and Lew Fulton, co-director of the NextSTEPS Program at the Institute of Transportation Studies at UC-Davis. According to Replogle:

“Transportation, driven by rapid growth in car use, has been the fastest growing source of CO2 in the world.  An affordable but largely overlooked way to cut that pollution is to give people clean options to use public transportation, walking and cycling, expanding mobility options especially for the poor and curbing air pollution from traffic.”

The report, A Global High Shift Scenario, documents the first study to examine how major changes in transport investments worldwide would affect urban passenger transport emissions and the mobility of different income groups.

Yet cities in the developing world particularly frequntly fail to seethe above benefits and seem tobelieve that businesses need road priorities and traffic, while the contrary is the case. An example of this backward-looking mentality is Nairobi.

There, a recent report calls for road infrastructure, expanding feeder roads, dualing of major roads and constructing lay-byes. It covers a lot on the subject of inadequate parking, proposes ways to increase parking in the Central Business District, and the need for separate routes for transit vehicles.

While the study mentions the need for dedicated lanes, it surprisingly recommends that public transport vehicles should not be allowed access to the Central Business District, thus encouraging the use of private cars.

Going down this path would quickly produce more trafic and congestion. Any city requiring evience-based sensible advice should contact Embarq.

This owrganization works with mayors, city planners, and other municipal officials to provide technical assistance and institutional support for transport projects. employs the avoid, shift, improve (ASI) framework. This helps decision-makers and urban residents to avoid the need for travel motorized travel, and shift trips to the most sustainable modes, and improve conventional technologies, infrastructure, and policies.

via Which city has the world’s worst traffic jams? – Agenda – The World Economic Forum.

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